hqofnagle



Patented Apr. 4%, E899.

W. HUUFWAGLE. TYPE WRITMG MACHINE.

(Application filed. Oct. 22, 1897.)

(No Model.)

NW wr NW 3 M N wm 3 z o a G M .r. i 0

5H0. 622,472. Patented Apr. 4, I899. W. T. HUUFNAGLE.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application filed Oct. 22, 1897.)

(No Model.)

No. 622,472. Patented Apr. 4, I899. k W. T. HUUFNMELE.

TYPE WRITING EEACHWE (Application filed Oct. 22, 1897.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 {No.Model.)

Parser-r @FMCIE.

. WILLI M-r.-nooFNAeLs, or BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

ShECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 622,472, dated. April 4, 1899. Application filed October 22,1897. Serial No. 666,061. GTO model.) I

To aZZ whom it may concern:

130 it k nown that LWILLIAM T.HOOFNAGLE,

v a citizen 9f the United States, residing at Baltimorc, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new'anduseful' Improvements in 'lypo-Writingf Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to produce a type-writing machine upon which a plurality of original copies may be produced simultaneonsly. 9

My improved machine comprises a papercarriage having a series of platens and mechanism fo -moving the platenslongitudinally for letter-spacing and rotating them forlinespaclng 'a corresponding series of sets of type,

and means for simultaneously bringing the same type of each set to the printing-point and impressing its character upon the sheets of paper carried by the platens. In the par ticular embodiment of the mechanism which is described hereinafter the paper-carriage is movable laterally to bring the platens against the selected type upon the type-carriers and the type arearranged in circular rows upon cylinders which. are subject to two movements-avertical'movenienttoselectone' ,oi the rows of type and arotajry movement to iselect or bring to the printing-point the partieularltype desired. The"type-wheels are connected to pinions which are operated by acomln'on rack and they are sustained upon a common bar, said rack imparting simultaneous rotary movement to them and said bar ,the various parts,

imparting simultaneous vertical adjustment. In the illustration I have used electrical circuits and electro motors or magnets to operate It will be understood,

however, so far as the broader features of the invention'are co ncerned,that mechanical operating devices maybe substituted. It will also be understood that the type-wheels may be moved to the platensinstead of the reverse, that being a common mode of operating typewheels.

Fora detailed description of the invention reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine, partly broken away. Fig. 2 is a side elevation,-partly broken away. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. Fig. e is an end view of the carriage and platen frame, showing the line-spacing mechanism. Fig. 5 is a top plan View of the magnets which control the inking-rollers. Fig. 6 is a detailed View showing the manner of securing the platens to the shafts. Fig. 7is a section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 3, showing the arrangement of the type-wheelmagnets; and Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the circuits of the. various magnets and the pperation of the type-wheel magnets.

In the drawings, 1 indicates the frame ,of

the machine, on the upper part of which is? arranged a carriage 2, movable longitudinally upon rollers 3, which travel in guideways 4. v

The carriage is provided upon its under surface with a toothed rack 5. A spacing-pawl 6, actuated by an electromagnet 7, is adapted to draw the carriage'one space to the left upon the depression of a key against the action. of a spring 8 upon the right-hand end of the machine. Obviously a weight or other form of motor may be substituted for thespring's. A suitable spring holding=pawl 9 engages the rack for the purpose of retaining. the carriage in the position to which it is drawn by the spacing-pawl. The holding-pawl 9 is connected to an armature 10 of an electromag net 11. When it is desired to return the carriage to the right-hand end of the machine,

the holding-pawl 9 is disengaged from the rack by the depression of a key provided for the purpose, which closes the circuit through the magnet 11, and the latter draws down ward the armature and pawl 9. The spring 8 then draws the carriage back.

1 Supported upon the carriage is a platencarrying frame consisting of a base 12, movable in transverse guides 13, and an upright frame ll, rigidly secured thereto, the latter having journaled in its ends 15 a vertical series of horizontal shafts 16, upon each of which is arranged a series of platens 17. The platen-frame moves longitudinally on the machine with the carriage, and it is given a transverse reciprocating movement upon the carriage by'me'ans of the springs 18 and a pair of bell-crank levers 19, conneeted'to the armatures 20 of electromagnets 21, located near-the ends or the machine, said magnets in placing or removing the paper.

nal channel 21 in the platen-frame, so that the frame may move freely longitudinally,and the engagement of the levers with the sides of the channel will give said frame the nec essary transverse'movcmcnt. To give rigidty to the shafts 16, uprights 22, having bearings through which the shafts pass, are arranged on the platen frame between the vertical rows of platens.

The platens 17 are secured upon the shafts 16 by means of threaded clamping-nuts 23, arranged at one end of each platen and adapted to forcethe platen against a stop 24, fixed to the shaft at the opposite end of the platen. When the nuts 23 are tightened, the platens on each shaft rotate together; but by unscrewing the nut 23 any platen may be turned independently of theothers, as is necessary The several shafts carrying the platens are arranged to move in unison by means of ratchet-wheels 25, Fig. 4, secured to the shafts and operated by pa wls 26, carried by arms 27, journaled upon the shafts, the arms being connected together by means of a rod 28. Rigidly connected with one of the arms 27 is an armature 29, controlled by an electromagnet 30 in circuit with, a line-spacing key on the keyboard. It will be seen that upon closing the circuit of the magnet 30 the latter willattract its armature 20, and thereby romm the platens upon each of the shafts. When the circuit is interrupted, a spring 31 returns the pawls 26' to their normal position.

Suitable means may also beemployed to reguplatens on the carriage.

late the line-spacing by arranging the pawl to engage every tooth or every second tooth or every third toot-h, as is common in typewriting machines. As shown in the drawings, this is accomplished by an adj ustingsc'rew 32, by means of which the range ,of movement of the armature 29 is regulated.

In f rout of the carriage is arranged a series of vertical shafts 33, one for each vertical row of platens, each shaft'carrying as many typewhcels 34 asthere are horizontal rows of As shown in the drawings, there are three type-wheel shafts, each carrying two type-wheels. The shafts 33 are movable vertically and their lower extremities are jou'rnaled in a horizontal bar supported by the shafts, and by means of which the several shafts and the type-wheels carried thereby may be elevated or lowered ihg movement. Each type-wheelis provided wnnca. set of-lowcr-ca-sc type 41 at the top, upper-case type 42 in the center, and figures and odd characters 43 at its'lower end The lowercase letters are thusnormally opposite the impression-point on the platen. The bar 38 is raised by means of levers 44 and 45,011- erated by their respective electromagnets l6 and 47, the circuits of which are controlled by two keys upon the keyboard. The levers 4.4 are arranged to move the type-wheel shafts, so that the upper-case letters 42 will he op posite the impression-point, and the levers 45, which are longer, are arranged to elevate the shafts, so that the odd characters 43 will come opposite the impression '-point. The

several shafts 33 may also be rocked in either direction by means of a horizontal rack-bar 48, which engages pinions 49, secured to each of the shafts below the type-wheels.. The

pinions 49 are elongated, so that their teeth. will engage the rack throughout the entire vertical movement of the shafts 33. The type which are used most frequently are located near the .rear of the type-wheels, and those which are used infrequently are arranged upon the sides and toward the front of the wheels in the inverse order of their usefulness with reference to the platens.

The rocking of the type-wheel shafts is ef- -fected by means of an arm,50, theuppcr end of the bar 38 will bring the upper-case let-i ters or odd characters into position when desired. A forward movement of the platenframe will then'bring the platens against the type-wheels and imprint the characters, the type having been inked during the rotation of the wheels, as will be hereinafter explained.

The'armature 51 is controlled by electromagnets 53 and 54., Figs. 7 and 8, carried by arms or levers 55 and 56, respectively, which are free to swing on a common pivot 57., so

cured to the frame of the machine centrally of the keyboard. These magnets 53 and 54 I shall for convenience call type-wheel magnets. The levers 55 and 56 normally rest upon the inner endsof the key-lovers 65, Fig. 3, and the fulcra 66 of the latter are so arranged that the keys on the right and lefthalves of the keyboard will, when depressed, raise the -magnet-lcvcrs 50 and 55, respectively, the amount of movement imparted to said magnetdevers being determined by the position of the fulcrum-point 66 of the keylever operated and ,its proximity to the central lin'e of'the keyboard.

lt'will be noted that the extent of movement of the arm 50 about its axis, and the efore of the type-wheel's 34, will depend upon the position of the type-wheel magnets 53 and 54, as the case maybe, when energized. If the magnet 53, for, instance, is raised to a point near the center of the arc and then energized,the attractionof the armature will cause agreater movement of the arm and the type'wvheels than when the magnet is -nearer a horizontal position when energized. "The action of the magnet 54 will of course be '1' similar, but will impart an opposite movement to the type-Wheels. The circuits of the magnets 53 and 54 are normally open; but when either magnet has been moved into position by the depression of a key the circuit through the magnet is then closed by means of a. circuit-closer located beneath and operated by the key-lever. The closing of the circuit results in the attraction of the. armature5l and the consequent rotation 'of the type-wheels until the type corresponding to' the key depressed are brought to the printing'point. The arm 50 and armature 51 are normally maintained in a central position by means of suitable springs 67.

In order that the type-wheel magnets 53 and 54 may be correctly positioned with reference to the armature upon the depression of any given key, l providea semicircular rack 68, extending parallel with and adjacent'to the armature 51, the teeth 69 upon both sides of the rack sloping upwardly, and I arrange upon the endspf the levers 55 and 56 springpressed pins 70, which slide freely over the inclined teeth of the rack during the upward movement of the lever, but are prevented from returning by the formation of the teeth. When one of the levers 55, for instance, is raised into position by the depression of a key, the pin passes freely over the rack until the upward movement of the lever is complete, when it isp'ressed into a notch in the rack by means ofa spring 71, and thele ver and magnet are held in position until the armature is attracted to the poles of the magnet. The pins 70 are movable longitudinally of the levers 55 and 56 in slots 72,-but are normally held 111 their outermost position in engagement. with the rack by suitable springs 73, connected to a rod 74, through which the pin. passes. When the armature is attracted by a magnet, it engages a projection on the rod 74, and the pin is-thereby drawn inwardly and becomesdise'ngaged from the rack. The spring 71 then depresses the pin, so that its outer cndwill extend below and alongside of the rack, and the lever and magnet will drop to their normal position when the key is resliding down in contact with the inner side of the rack-frame. The lower ends 75 of the rackframe are inclined, as shown, and when the pin reaches its lowermost point the spring 73 draws it outward ontothe inclined surface 75, from which position it will pass on to the rack, when themagnet-lever is again raised.

The type upon the right side of the typewhereby they are all 1 rocked. together. like manner the shafts A insane-s a rod 85, nnects the shafts. The shafts arerocked; through key-lever 65.

wheels are inked by means of inking rollers 78, Figs. 1 and 5, carried. by arms '70, which are secured to rock-shafts 80, and the type upon the left side of thetypeqyheels are inked by means of inking-rollers $1, secured in a similar manner to rock shaffts The shafts 80. are mechanically cou pl ed by. means of 1196.83, connected to arms 84 upon the shafts, In are connected by its. a rm v fi'ur the medium of an electromagnct 8 7, acting upon an armature 88, which is rigidly 'connected to one of the shafts. The attraction of the armature, as will readily be seen, will force the inking-rollers 7 8 against the typewheels, and the retraction otjthe armature by a spring 89 will withdraw the rollers from the type-wheels. Similarly the rollersfil are operated by means of an electromagnet- 90,

armature 91, and spring 92. t 4

The current for the various circuits may be derived from any convenient source, such as the battery 95, Fig. 8. 1 One pole of thisloattery is connected by, a wire 06 to a contactplate 97, insulated from the frame of the machine and common to all of the circuit-closers of the keyboard. The circuit closers, as shown, consist of pins 08, which are supported in and extend through a series of metal plates 99, insulated from the frameand from each other and supported above the plates 97, each pin having interposed between its head and the plate a compression-spring 100, which forces the pin against thelowerside or" the The ci rcuit-closers corresponding to the'character-keys upon the left-hand side of the keyboard are mounted'in a plate 100, and the circuit-closers corresponding to the character-keys upon the right-hand side of the keyboard are mounted in a plate 102. The circuit-closers which operate the magnets 11, 46, 47, and 30 are mounted in independent plates or blocks 103, 104, 105, and 106, con

nected to' i'ndependent'circuits, so that the operations performed by any one of these magnets may be accomplished singly. The several circuits of the machine may, a s shown, be connected to a common return-wire 107.

The circuit of the magnet '53 extends from thence via wire 109 to the common return-f wire 107, and the circuitof the magnet 54 extends from the plate 102 via wire llOto .magnet, and thence via wire 111 to the common return-wire 107. These circuits arenormally open at a switch 63, located beneath the pivotal point of the magnet-levers 55 and 56. This switch consists of a pair of concentric arc-shaped contact-pieces 112 and 113,10- cated in the circuit of the magnet 53 to the left of a central line through the pivot 45, and

a similar pair of plates 114 and 115, located upon the right of said central line in the circuit of magnet 54. Connected to the pivotal end of the lever 55and extending downwardly at right angles thereto is a narrow metallic switch-rod 116, which serves to electrically connect the contact-plates 112 and 113 when the lever55 is elevated, but which normally is out of contact therewithwhen said lever is in the horizontal position." A switch-rod 117 is similarly mounted upon the lever '56 and is adapted to electrically connect the contactpieces 114 and 115 when the lever 56 is elevated and to break the connection when said lever is in the horizontal position. .The spacing magnet 7 is connected -to each of the plates 101and 102 via wires 108 and 110 and to the common return-wire-107 by wire 118. In like manner the circuit of the left-hand inking-magnet 90 extends from the plate 101 to the wire 107 via wires 108 and 119, and the circuit of the right-hand inking-magnet 87 extends from the plate 102 tothe wire 107 via wires 110 and 120.

4 It will be seen that when the levers 55 and 56 are intheir horizontal position the circuits through magnets 53 and 54 will be interrupted at the switch63. When, however, a key upon the left-hand side of the keyboard is depressed,

. the lever 55 will be raised and the rod 116 109 and 107 to the battery. At the-same time current will pass to the spacing-magnet 7 through wires 1'08 and 118 and to the lefthand inking-magnet through wires 108 and- 119. Each of'these magnets 53, 7, and 90 will therefore be energized at the same time.

The spacing-magnet 7 will attract its armature, and thereby draw the carriage forward one notch, and the inking-magnet 90 will attract its armature and force the left-hand inking-rollers 81 against the type-wheels. The magnet 53 will attract the armature 51, thereby cifecting a rotary movement of the type wheels to the left, bringing the proper type opposite the impression-point, as before described, the type being inked by contact with the roller during rotation. The next movement required is the forward movement of the platehs,wliicl1 is accomplished by the mags nets 21. In order to effect this movement at the proper time, I arrange upon the faces of each of the lovers 55 and 56 and near their extremities two contact-points 121 and. 122. The two contact-points 121 are connected to one terminal of the magnet 21 by means of a wire 123, and the ether terminal of the magnet is connected to wire 107. The contactp'oint 122 upon the lever 55 is connected to the circuitlOS above the switch 63, and the contact-point 1222 upon the lever 56 is similarly connected to the wire 110. Connected to the outer extremities of each oi the rods 74 I arrange an insulated rolling contactdevice 124, which is adapted to move back and forth with said rod and to roll across the con-. tact-points 121 and 122 just before the pin 7 0 drops out of the rack--in other words, just before the movement of the armature toward the magnet is completed. The circuit of the magnet 21 is thus made and broken by the inward movementol'l the rolling contact, and the roller is prevented by the pin 70 from passing back over the contacts until the lever drops to the horizontal position. It will therefore be seen that the platen-frame will be given a forward movement by the magnet 21 at about the time when the type-wheels have reached their intended position, and, byproper adj ustment the platens may be made to strike the type at about the instant the latter have ceased to move.

The key is held down during the above cycle of movements; but when it is released the circuit is broken at the keyboard and the lever 55 drops to the horizontal position. When the lever 55 drops to the horizontal position, the rod 116 leaves the contact-points 112 and 113, and the circuit through the magnet 53 is interrupted at these points, sothat no current can pass through this magnet until a left-hand character-key is again depressed. If a character-key upon the right-hand side of the board be now depressed, the lever 56 will be raised and the switch-rod 117 will connect the points 114 and '115, and upon the completion of the circuit at the keyboard the magnet 54 will. become energized and simultaneouslythe current will flow through the right-hand inking-magnet 87 byway of the wires and and through the spacingmagnet by wires 110 and 118. The armature.

5]. upon being attracted by the magnet 54 ef-- fects a movement of the type-wheels to the right. It also draws inward the pin 70 and the roller contact device 124 upon the lever 56, and the current will then fiow via. the wire 110, contacts 114 115, roller-contact 124, and wire 123 to tlie magnet 21, thus efiecting the same order of movements.

When the space-key 62 is depressed, as.

neither of the magnet-levers are raised no current will pass through the type-wheel magacts or the platen-moving magnets 21, but current will pass through the spacing-magnet 7 via circuit-closer 64 and wires 110 and 118, and the carriage will thereby be moved forward. When it is desired to print upper-case letters, the key corresponding to circuit-closer 104 is depressed simultaneously with the depression of the character-key, and to print odd characters the key corresponding to-oircuit-closer 105 is depressed at the same time as the character-key. In order to release the carriage and allow it to be drawn back by the spring 8, the key corresponding to circuitcloser,103 is depressed, and in order to rotate the platen-cylinders the key correspondin g to circuit-closer 106 is depressed, the various magnets connecting with these keys being energized independently, as will readily be seen byan inspection .of the circuits, and the 4 a platen an mounted, means forimpartinga step-byi-stcp sealers movements effected by them being as hereinbefore described.

The operation of my improved type-Writer will be understood from the foregoing description. I

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is p 1. A type-writer comprisinga plurality of platens arranged upon separate shafts, a common carriage upon which -said shafts are movement to the'carriage to onset lettei-rspacing andconnections bet-ween the platens'com structed to rotate them to effect simultaneous line-spacing, substantially its described.

' .2. A type-writer comprisinga plurality of platens, connections between the platens for rotating them to effect simultaneous line-spacing, and means for disconnecting'iudividuaL platens whereby they may be rotated inde pendently if desired, substantially as described.

A type-writer comprising a carriage,

means for imparting astep-by-step-moyement to said carriage i0 efiect letter-spacing, a platen-frame movable laterally upon the car riage to efiect printing, a plurality of platens supported upon said frame, audacorresponding plurality of sets of type, substantially-as described.

4. A type-writer eomprisiiig a plurality of "platens suitably connected to efiect "circuits neous line and letter spacinggin combination for impressing the selected type against the platen, substantially as described. 6.. A type-writer comprising a plurality of platens suitably connected toefiect simulta- I ueousline and letter spacing, in combination with a corresponding plurality of typewhcels, and means for rotating said type-wheels si in ultaneously and simultaneouslyimpressing Y the selected type upon the platensubstantially as described.

7. A type-Writer comprising a plurality of platens, in combination with a corresponding plurality of type-wheels, means for simultaneously rotating said type-wheels and means for simultaneously adjusting said wheels lcn-.

gitudinaliy whereby given type may be simu taneously brought to the printing-pciuts of typo-wheels, substantially as described. 8. in a typewriter, the combination with wheels arranged to move in unison, and a said type-wheels and movable in unison, of means for imparting to said shafts a rotary movement, and means for imparting to said platens a reciprocating movement toward and from said type-Wheels, substantially as 'described. a

9.. In a type-writer, the combination with 'a type-wheel shaft, of means for rocking said shaft consisting of an armature mechanically connected to said shaft, a magnet movable along said armature, and keys for effecting as described.

rocking said shafts in unison consisting of an the magnet, substantially as described.

11. in a type-writer, the comhination'with a plurality of type-Wheel shafts, of means for rocking said shafts in unison consisting of an said shafts, an elcctromagnet movable along and adjacent tosaid armature, and keys for thereof, substantially cs described.

12. in a type-writemthe combination with a plurality of type-Wheel shafts carrying typewheels, of means for reel-ring said shatts in unison consisting of a pivoted armature me chanically connected to sai'dshafts and a magiroin its pivotal point, and trays for effecting such movemcnhsuhstsntially as described.

a pin rality of type-wheel shatte carrying typewheels, of seawater rocking said'shaits in unison in either direction, consisting of pinions mountcdon each of said shafts, a rack engaging said pinione, an armature in engagement with said rash, and a movable magnet adjacent to. said. armature, substantially as described. 4

14. Ina type-writer, the combination with a plurality of type-wheels, of apivoted arruaward and from thepivotal point of said armature, andnonnections between said armature and type-Wheels whereby the latter Will to rate in unison Whenthe armature is moi/ed,v substantially asdescribed. r

15. In a typewriter, the combination with unison, of an arc-shaped. armature centrally pivoted and connected to said type'vvheels, and a magnet movable along-said armature, substantially described. v

15. in a typewriter, the combination with. plurality type-Wheels arranged to move in unison of an arershaped armature pivoted at its middle point connected to said type corresponding number of platens adjacent to armature mechanically connected "to said shafts, a magnet movablealong-said arma ture, and keys for efiecting themovemeut of armature mechanically connected to each of.

13. In a typewriter, the combination with ture and one or more magnets movable to-v a plurality of type-wheel shafts carrying typethe movement of the magnet, substantially 10. In a type-writer, the combiuationwith a plurality of itl -Wheel shaftsmf-m'eans for Y moving said magnet and closing-the circuit- ECO net movablealong said armature toward and,

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a plurality of type-Wheels arranged to move in wheels, and a magnet pivotally mounted at the center of the are formed by the armature, substantially as described.

17. In a type-writer, the combination with a plurality of type-wheels arranged to move in unison, of an arc-shaped armature pivoted at its middle point and engaging said typewheels through intermediate connections, a pair of magnets radially mounted upon a pivot at the center of said armature and keylevers for moving said magnets, independently, substantially as described.

18. In a type-writer, the combination with a plurality of type-wheels arranged to move in unison, of an arc-shaped armature pivoted at its middle point and engaging said typewheels through intermediate connection, an arc-shaped rack adjacent to said armature,'a pair of magnets'mounted upon levers pivoted at the center of said armature and rack, a spring-pressed p'in upon the end of each of said levers for engaging the rackwhen a lever is raised from its normal position and means for drawing said pin from the rack when the armature is attracted by the said magnets upon said lever, substantially as described.

10. In a type-writer, the combination with a carriage having a rack, and a motor for impelling the carriage toward the right, of a spacing-pawl adapted to engage the rack and an electromagnet controlled by the space-key and character-keys for operating said pawl to move the carriage to the left against the action of said motor, a holding-pawl normally engaging the rack, and an electromagnet controlled by an independent key for disengaging said holding-pawl from the rack, substantially as described.

20. In a type-writer, aplurality of platens mounted upon separate shafts, and means for rotating said shafts in unison to cheat linespacing consisting of ratchet-wheels secured to each of said shafts, pawls in engagement with said ratchet-wheels, each of said pawls being mounted upon a rocking arm, a conmeeting-rod between said arms, an armature secured to one er said arms, and an electromagnet controlled by an independent key, adjacent to said armature, substantially as described.

21. In a typewriter, the combination with a type-wheel, and means controlled by the keyboard for rocking the same in either direction from its normal position, of a pair of inking-pads, one arranged on each side of the type-wheel, electromagnets for impressing said pads against the type wheels, and means for energizing one of saidmagn'ets when the wheel is rocked in one direction and for energizing the other magnet when the wheel is rocked in the opposite direction, substantially as described.'

22. In a type-writer, the combination with a plurality of type-wheelsJ-bnd means con trolled by the keyboard for rocking the same in unison, of an inking-pad adjacent to each of said wheels, mechanical connections between said pads, and electromagnetic means for impressing said pads against said wheels when the latter are rocked, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature 

